A civil engineer plans and manages the building of public works, including highways, bridges, tunnels, buildings, airports, water and sewage systems, and other significant infrastructure projects. Due to the fact that they are the most obvious engineering achievements, buildings and bridges are frequently the first structures that come to mind. However, civil engineers are also in charge of some less obvious innovations and contributions. The field of civil engineering is one of the oldest branches of engineering, dating back to when people first started living in permanent settlements and began shaping their environments to suit their needs. As populations grew and larger groups of people began living together in towns and cities, there was an increasing need for reliable sources of clean water, the means to dispose of waste, a network of streets and roadways for commerce and trade, and a way for people to defend themselves against hostile neighbors. Early civil engineers, therefore, were called upon to build walls, roads, bridges, dams, and levees; and to dig wells, irrigation ditches, and trenches. Famous civil engineering wonders from more recent history include the Brooklyn Bridge, which was designed by John August Roebling and his son Washington Roebling, the Eiffel Tower, which bears the name of the French civil engineer Gustave Eiffel whose company built it, the Golden Gate Bridge, which was created by Joseph Strauss and Charles Ellis, the Panama Canal, the Hoover Dam, and the Panama Canal. More than just designing structures like buildings and bridges is what civil engineers do. They design space stations and airplanes for the aerospace sector. They are used in the automotive industry to determine a chassis’ load-bearing capacity and enhance the crashworthiness of bumpers and doors. They work in the shipbuilding, power, and various other industries.